In their English classes children learn to understand why letters and words in English sound the way they do, make connections between the spoken language (sounds) and its written form (spelling) and apply their phonemic knowledge in reading and writing. Initially, children learn the
phonetic alphabet (based on letter sounds) and representing words (A for apple, C for cat, Y for yoghurt, J for jelly etc.). Once they master all sounds the 26 letters of the English alphabet make and practise the soft sh, ch and th sounds they naturally start to blend them together and decode simple words (ie. cat, chin, fish, block etc.). Then they progress onto the
long vowel sounds (A as in name, rain or play, E as in see, sea or here, I as in like, tie, my or night, O as in home, soap, toe or grow, U as in cute, new, true or moon) and other vowel phonemes, clusters or more advanced structures. Teaching students how to spell and read goes hand in hand with teaching them both
grammatical and punctuation concepts.